Background

1. Location: The conflict occurred in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir along the Line of Control (LoC), which serves as the de facto border between India and Pakistan in the region.
2. Infiltration: In early 1999, Pakistani soldiers and militants infiltrated into Indian territory, occupying strategic positions in the Kargil region. The intruders aimed to cut off the link between Kashmir and Ladakh and force India to withdraw from the Siachen Glacier, which was a point of contention between the two countries.

The Conflict

1. Discovery: The infiltration was discovered in May 1999 when local shepherds reported unusual activity. Indian forces soon realized the extent of the intrusion.
2. Operation Vijay: In response, the Indian Army launched Operation Vijay to drive out the infiltrators. The operation involved extensive ground battles and airstrikes, with the Indian Air Force playing a crucial role.
3. Challenges: The Indian troops faced severe challenges due to the high altitude, rugged terrain, and harsh weather conditions. Despite these difficulties, they managed to recapture key positions.

Major Battles

1. Tololing: Securing Tololing, a crucial peak, marked one of the initial major victories and significantly uplifted the spirits of the Indian forces.
2. Tiger Hill: Another crucial battle was for Tiger Hill, a dominant position that provided a commanding view of the region. Its recapture was a significant turning point in the war.

Conclusion

1. Victory: By July 26, 1999, Indian forces had successfully reclaimed most of the occupied territories. The war officially ended with the withdrawal of Pakistani troops from the remaining positions.
2. Casualties: The conflict resulted in significant casualties on both sides. The Indian Army lost around 527 soldiers, while the number of wounded was much higher.

Commemoration

1. Kargil Vijay Diwas: Every year on July 26th, India commemorates Kargil Vijay Diwas to honor the bravery and sacrifice of its soldiers. The day is marked by various events, including memorial services, parades, and ceremonies across the country.
2. War Memorial: The Dras War Memorial in Kargil, also known as the Kargil War Memorial, stands as a tribute to the soldiers who laid down their lives. It features the names of all the soldiers who fought in the war inscribed on a wall.